Python Advanced

Intermediate → Advanced · 10 topics

The Python that real GenAI codebases are written in: streaming, retries, structured output, concurrent API calls, tests and clean project layout. Finish Python Basics first.

#	Topic	Sub-topics
1	Iterators & generators	iter/next · yield · lazy file reading · generator expressions · streaming tokens
2	Decorators	Functions as objects · closures · functools.wraps · retry decorator · lru_cache
3	Context managers	How with works · class-based · @contextmanager · suppress
4	Type hints, dataclasses & Pydantic	Type hints · optional values · @dataclass · validating LLM JSON
5	Error handling & logging	Custom exceptions · raise … from · logging · what to log
6	Async programming	async/await · gather · semaphores · timeouts · async SDKs
7	Concurrency: threads vs processes	The GIL · ThreadPoolExecutor · ProcessPoolExecutor · as_completed
8	Testing with pytest	Asserts · raises · parametrize · fixtures · faking LLM calls
9	Project structure & packaging	Folder layout · settings · pyproject.toml · ruff, mypy
10	Performance & caching	Measuring · data-structure choice · lru_cache · disk cache · batching

Next: put it to work — Call an LLM from Python, then Build a RAG chatbot.